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Journal of neurology
Published

Balance recovery and its link to vestibular agnosia in traumatic brain injury: a longitudinal behavioural and neuro-imaging study

Authors

Zaeem Hadi, Mohammad Mahmud, Elena Calzolari, Mariya Chepisheva, Karl A Zimmerman, Vassilios Tahtis, Rebecca M Smith, Heiko M Rust, David J Sharp, Barry M Seemungal

Abstract

J Neurol. 2025 Jan 15;272(2):132. doi: 10.1007/s00415-024-12876-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vestibular dysfunction causing imbalance affects c. 80% of acute hospitalized traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases. Poor balance recovery is linked to worse return-to-work rates and reduced longevity. We previously showed that white matter network disruption, particularly of right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, mediates the overlap between imbalance and impaired vestibular perception of self-motion (i.e., vestibular agnosia) in acute hospitalized TBI. However, there are no prior reports tracking the acute-longitudinal trajectory of objectively measured vestibular function for hospitalized TBI patients. We hypothesized that recovery of vestibular agnosia and imbalance is linked and mediated by overlapping brain networks.

METHODS: We screened 918 acute major trauma in-patients, assessed 146, recruited 39 acutely, and retested 34 at 6 months. Inclusion criteria were 18-65-year-old adults hospitalized for TBI with laboratory-confirmed preserved peripheral vestibular function. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and migraine were treated prior to testing. Vestibular agnosia was quantified by participants' ability to perceive whole-body yaw plane rotations via an automated rotating-chair algorithm. Subjective symptoms of imbalance (via questionnaires) and objective imbalance (via posturography) were also assessed.

RESULTS: Acute vestibular agnosia predicted poor balance recovery at 6 months. Recovery of vestibular agnosia and linked imbalance was mediated by bihemispheric fronto-posterior cortical circuits. Recovery of subjective symptoms of imbalance and objective imbalance were not correlated.

CONCLUSION: Vestibular agnosia mediates balance recovery post-TBI. The link between subjective dizziness and brain injury recovery, although important, is unclear. Therapeutic trials of vestibular recovery post-TBI should target enhancing bi-hemispheric connectivity and linked objective clinical measures (e.g., posturography).

PMID:39812836 | PMC:PMC11735511 | DOI:10.1007/s00415-024-12876-2