Identification of late-stage tau accumulation using plasma phospho-tau217

EBioMedicine. 2024 Nov 4;109:105413. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105413. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Blood-based disease staging across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum holds the promise to identify individuals that profit from disease-modifying therapies. We set out to identify Braak V⁺ (Braak V and/or VI) tau PET-positive individuals within amyloid-β (Aβ)-positive individuals using plasma biomarkers.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we assessed 289 individuals from the TRIAD cohort and 306 individuals from the WRAP study across the AD continuum. The participants were evaluated by amyloid-PET with [¹⁸F]AZD4694 or [¹¹C]PiB and tau-PET with [¹⁸F]MK6240 and measured plasma levels included total tau, phospho-tau isoforms (pTau) pTau-181, pTau-217, pTau-231, and N-terminal tau (NTA-tau). We evaluated the performances of plasma biomarkers using different analytic platforms to predict Braak V⁺ positivity in Aβ+ individuals.

FINDINGS: Highest associations with Braak V⁺ tau positivity in Aβ+ individuals were found for plasma pTau-217+^Janssen (AUC [CI_95%] = 0.97 [0.94, 1.0]) and ALZpath pTau-217 (AUC [CI_95%] = 0.93 [0.86, 1.0]) in TRIAD. Plasma ALZpath pTau-217 separated Braak V⁺ tau PET-positive individuals in the WRAP longitudinal study (AUC [CI_95%] = 0.97 [0.94, 1.0]).

INTERPRETATION: Thus, we demonstrate that using adjusted cut-offs, plasma pTau-217 identifies individuals with later Braak stage tau accumulation which will be helpful to stratify patients for treatments and clinical studies.

FUNDING: This research is supported by the Weston Brain Institute, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [MOP-11-51-31; RFN 152985, 159815, 162303], Canadian Consortium of Neurodegeneration and Aging (CCNA; MOP-11-51-31 -team 1), the Alzheimer's Association [NIRG-12-92090, NIRP-12-259245], Brain Canada Foundation (CFI Project 34874; 33397), the Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Santé (FRQS; Chercheur Boursier, 2020-VICO-279314). P.R-N and SG are members of the CIHR-CCNA Canadian Consortium of Neurodegeneration in Aging. Colin J. Adair Charitable Foundation.

PMID:39500009 | DOI:10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105413